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328 lines
10 KiB
328 lines
10 KiB
# postgresql/json.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
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# <see AUTHORS file>
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#
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# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
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# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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from __future__ import absolute_import
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from ... import types as sqltypes
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from ... import util
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from ...sql import operators
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__all__ = ("JSON", "JSONB")
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idx_precedence = operators._PRECEDENCE[operators.json_getitem_op]
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ASTEXT = operators.custom_op(
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"->>",
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precedence=idx_precedence,
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natural_self_precedent=True,
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eager_grouping=True,
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)
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JSONPATH_ASTEXT = operators.custom_op(
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"#>>",
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precedence=idx_precedence,
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natural_self_precedent=True,
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eager_grouping=True,
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)
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HAS_KEY = operators.custom_op(
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"?",
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precedence=idx_precedence,
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natural_self_precedent=True,
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eager_grouping=True,
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)
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HAS_ALL = operators.custom_op(
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"?&",
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precedence=idx_precedence,
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natural_self_precedent=True,
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eager_grouping=True,
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)
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HAS_ANY = operators.custom_op(
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"?|",
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precedence=idx_precedence,
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natural_self_precedent=True,
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eager_grouping=True,
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)
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CONTAINS = operators.custom_op(
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"@>",
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precedence=idx_precedence,
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natural_self_precedent=True,
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eager_grouping=True,
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)
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CONTAINED_BY = operators.custom_op(
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"<@",
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precedence=idx_precedence,
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natural_self_precedent=True,
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eager_grouping=True,
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)
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class JSONPathType(sqltypes.JSON.JSONPathType):
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def bind_processor(self, dialect):
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super_proc = self.string_bind_processor(dialect)
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def process(value):
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assert isinstance(value, util.collections_abc.Sequence)
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tokens = [util.text_type(elem) for elem in value]
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value = "{%s}" % (", ".join(tokens))
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if super_proc:
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value = super_proc(value)
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return value
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return process
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def literal_processor(self, dialect):
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super_proc = self.string_literal_processor(dialect)
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def process(value):
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assert isinstance(value, util.collections_abc.Sequence)
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tokens = [util.text_type(elem) for elem in value]
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value = "{%s}" % (", ".join(tokens))
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if super_proc:
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value = super_proc(value)
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return value
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return process
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class JSON(sqltypes.JSON):
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"""Represent the PostgreSQL JSON type.
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:class:`_postgresql.JSON` is used automatically whenever the base
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:class:`_types.JSON` datatype is used against a PostgreSQL backend,
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however base :class:`_types.JSON` datatype does not provide Python
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accessors for PostgreSQL-specific comparison methods such as
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:meth:`_postgresql.JSON.Comparator.astext`; additionally, to use
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PostgreSQL ``JSONB``, the :class:`_postgresql.JSONB` datatype should
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be used explicitly.
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.. seealso::
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:class:`_types.JSON` - main documentation for the generic
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cross-platform JSON datatype.
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The operators provided by the PostgreSQL version of :class:`_types.JSON`
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include:
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* Index operations (the ``->`` operator)::
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data_table.c.data['some key']
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data_table.c.data[5]
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* Index operations returning text (the ``->>`` operator)::
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data_table.c.data['some key'].astext == 'some value'
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Note that equivalent functionality is available via the
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:attr:`.JSON.Comparator.as_string` accessor.
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* Index operations with CAST
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(equivalent to ``CAST(col ->> ['some key'] AS <type>)``)::
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data_table.c.data['some key'].astext.cast(Integer) == 5
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Note that equivalent functionality is available via the
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:attr:`.JSON.Comparator.as_integer` and similar accessors.
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* Path index operations (the ``#>`` operator)::
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data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', 5, ..., 'key_n')]
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* Path index operations returning text (the ``#>>`` operator)::
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data_table.c.data[('key_1', 'key_2', 5, ..., 'key_n')].astext == 'some value'
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.. versionchanged:: 1.1 The :meth:`_expression.ColumnElement.cast`
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operator on
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JSON objects now requires that the :attr:`.JSON.Comparator.astext`
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modifier be called explicitly, if the cast works only from a textual
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string.
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Index operations return an expression object whose type defaults to
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:class:`_types.JSON` by default,
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so that further JSON-oriented instructions
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may be called upon the result type.
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Custom serializers and deserializers are specified at the dialect level,
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that is using :func:`_sa.create_engine`. The reason for this is that when
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using psycopg2, the DBAPI only allows serializers at the per-cursor
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or per-connection level. E.g.::
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engine = create_engine("postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/test",
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json_serializer=my_serialize_fn,
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json_deserializer=my_deserialize_fn
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)
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When using the psycopg2 dialect, the json_deserializer is registered
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against the database using ``psycopg2.extras.register_default_json``.
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.. seealso::
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:class:`_types.JSON` - Core level JSON type
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:class:`_postgresql.JSONB`
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.. versionchanged:: 1.1 :class:`_postgresql.JSON` is now a PostgreSQL-
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specific specialization of the new :class:`_types.JSON` type.
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""" # noqa
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astext_type = sqltypes.Text()
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def __init__(self, none_as_null=False, astext_type=None):
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"""Construct a :class:`_types.JSON` type.
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:param none_as_null: if True, persist the value ``None`` as a
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SQL NULL value, not the JSON encoding of ``null``. Note that
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when this flag is False, the :func:`.null` construct can still
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be used to persist a NULL value::
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from sqlalchemy import null
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conn.execute(table.insert(), data=null())
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.. versionchanged:: 0.9.8 - Added ``none_as_null``, and :func:`.null`
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is now supported in order to persist a NULL value.
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.. seealso::
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:attr:`_types.JSON.NULL`
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:param astext_type: the type to use for the
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:attr:`.JSON.Comparator.astext`
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accessor on indexed attributes. Defaults to :class:`_types.Text`.
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.. versionadded:: 1.1
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"""
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super(JSON, self).__init__(none_as_null=none_as_null)
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if astext_type is not None:
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self.astext_type = astext_type
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class Comparator(sqltypes.JSON.Comparator):
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"""Define comparison operations for :class:`_types.JSON`."""
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@property
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def astext(self):
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"""On an indexed expression, use the "astext" (e.g. "->>")
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conversion when rendered in SQL.
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E.g.::
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select(data_table.c.data['some key'].astext)
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.. seealso::
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:meth:`_expression.ColumnElement.cast`
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"""
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if isinstance(self.expr.right.type, sqltypes.JSON.JSONPathType):
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return self.expr.left.operate(
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JSONPATH_ASTEXT,
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self.expr.right,
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result_type=self.type.astext_type,
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)
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else:
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return self.expr.left.operate(
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ASTEXT, self.expr.right, result_type=self.type.astext_type
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)
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comparator_factory = Comparator
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class JSONB(JSON):
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"""Represent the PostgreSQL JSONB type.
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The :class:`_postgresql.JSONB` type stores arbitrary JSONB format data,
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e.g.::
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data_table = Table('data_table', metadata,
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Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
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Column('data', JSONB)
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)
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with engine.connect() as conn:
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conn.execute(
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data_table.insert(),
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data = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
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)
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The :class:`_postgresql.JSONB` type includes all operations provided by
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:class:`_types.JSON`, including the same behaviors for indexing
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operations.
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It also adds additional operators specific to JSONB, including
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:meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.has_key`, :meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.has_all`,
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:meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.has_any`, :meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.contains`,
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and :meth:`.JSONB.Comparator.contained_by`.
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Like the :class:`_types.JSON` type, the :class:`_postgresql.JSONB`
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type does not detect
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in-place changes when used with the ORM, unless the
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:mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.mutable` extension is used.
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Custom serializers and deserializers
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are shared with the :class:`_types.JSON` class,
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using the ``json_serializer``
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and ``json_deserializer`` keyword arguments. These must be specified
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at the dialect level using :func:`_sa.create_engine`. When using
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psycopg2, the serializers are associated with the jsonb type using
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``psycopg2.extras.register_default_jsonb`` on a per-connection basis,
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in the same way that ``psycopg2.extras.register_default_json`` is used
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to register these handlers with the json type.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9.7
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.. seealso::
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:class:`_types.JSON`
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"""
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__visit_name__ = "JSONB"
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class Comparator(JSON.Comparator):
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"""Define comparison operations for :class:`_types.JSON`."""
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def has_key(self, other):
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"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of a key. Note that the
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key may be a SQLA expression.
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"""
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return self.operate(HAS_KEY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
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def has_all(self, other):
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"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of all keys in jsonb"""
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return self.operate(HAS_ALL, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
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def has_any(self, other):
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"""Boolean expression. Test for presence of any key in jsonb"""
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return self.operate(HAS_ANY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
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def contains(self, other, **kwargs):
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"""Boolean expression. Test if keys (or array) are a superset
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of/contained the keys of the argument jsonb expression.
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kwargs may be ignored by this operator but are required for API
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conformance.
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"""
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return self.operate(CONTAINS, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean)
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def contained_by(self, other):
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"""Boolean expression. Test if keys are a proper subset of the
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keys of the argument jsonb expression.
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"""
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return self.operate(
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CONTAINED_BY, other, result_type=sqltypes.Boolean
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)
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comparator_factory = Comparator
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