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515 lines
15 KiB
515 lines
15 KiB
# sqlalchemy/pool.py
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# Copyright (C) 2005-2022 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
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# <see AUTHORS file>
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#
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# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
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# the MIT License: https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
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"""Pool implementation classes.
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"""
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import traceback
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import weakref
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from .base import _AsyncConnDialect
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from .base import _ConnectionFairy
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from .base import _ConnectionRecord
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from .base import Pool
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from .. import exc
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from .. import util
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from ..util import chop_traceback
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from ..util import queue as sqla_queue
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from ..util import threading
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class QueuePool(Pool):
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"""A :class:`_pool.Pool`
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that imposes a limit on the number of open connections.
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:class:`.QueuePool` is the default pooling implementation used for
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all :class:`_engine.Engine` objects, unless the SQLite dialect is in use.
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"""
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_is_asyncio = False
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_queue_class = sqla_queue.Queue
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def __init__(
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self,
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creator,
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pool_size=5,
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max_overflow=10,
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timeout=30.0,
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use_lifo=False,
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**kw
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):
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r"""
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Construct a QueuePool.
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:param creator: a callable function that returns a DB-API
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connection object, same as that of :paramref:`_pool.Pool.creator`.
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:param pool_size: The size of the pool to be maintained,
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defaults to 5. This is the largest number of connections that
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will be kept persistently in the pool. Note that the pool
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begins with no connections; once this number of connections
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is requested, that number of connections will remain.
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``pool_size`` can be set to 0 to indicate no size limit; to
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disable pooling, use a :class:`~sqlalchemy.pool.NullPool`
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instead.
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:param max_overflow: The maximum overflow size of the
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pool. When the number of checked-out connections reaches the
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size set in pool_size, additional connections will be
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returned up to this limit. When those additional connections
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are returned to the pool, they are disconnected and
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discarded. It follows then that the total number of
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simultaneous connections the pool will allow is pool_size +
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`max_overflow`, and the total number of "sleeping"
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connections the pool will allow is pool_size. `max_overflow`
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can be set to -1 to indicate no overflow limit; no limit
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will be placed on the total number of concurrent
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connections. Defaults to 10.
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:param timeout: The number of seconds to wait before giving up
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on returning a connection. Defaults to 30.0. This can be a float
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but is subject to the limitations of Python time functions which
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may not be reliable in the tens of milliseconds.
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:param use_lifo: use LIFO (last-in-first-out) when retrieving
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connections instead of FIFO (first-in-first-out). Using LIFO, a
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server-side timeout scheme can reduce the number of connections used
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during non-peak periods of use. When planning for server-side
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timeouts, ensure that a recycle or pre-ping strategy is in use to
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gracefully handle stale connections.
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.. versionadded:: 1.3
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.. seealso::
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:ref:`pool_use_lifo`
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:ref:`pool_disconnects`
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:param \**kw: Other keyword arguments including
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:paramref:`_pool.Pool.recycle`, :paramref:`_pool.Pool.echo`,
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:paramref:`_pool.Pool.reset_on_return` and others are passed to the
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:class:`_pool.Pool` constructor.
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"""
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Pool.__init__(self, creator, **kw)
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self._pool = self._queue_class(pool_size, use_lifo=use_lifo)
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self._overflow = 0 - pool_size
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self._max_overflow = max_overflow
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self._timeout = timeout
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self._overflow_lock = threading.Lock()
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def _do_return_conn(self, conn):
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try:
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self._pool.put(conn, False)
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except sqla_queue.Full:
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try:
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conn.close()
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finally:
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self._dec_overflow()
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def _do_get(self):
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use_overflow = self._max_overflow > -1
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try:
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wait = use_overflow and self._overflow >= self._max_overflow
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return self._pool.get(wait, self._timeout)
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except sqla_queue.Empty:
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# don't do things inside of "except Empty", because when we say
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# we timed out or can't connect and raise, Python 3 tells
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# people the real error is queue.Empty which it isn't.
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pass
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if use_overflow and self._overflow >= self._max_overflow:
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if not wait:
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return self._do_get()
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else:
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raise exc.TimeoutError(
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"QueuePool limit of size %d overflow %d reached, "
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"connection timed out, timeout %0.2f"
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% (self.size(), self.overflow(), self._timeout),
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code="3o7r",
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)
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if self._inc_overflow():
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try:
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return self._create_connection()
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except:
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with util.safe_reraise():
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self._dec_overflow()
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else:
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return self._do_get()
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def _inc_overflow(self):
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if self._max_overflow == -1:
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self._overflow += 1
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return True
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with self._overflow_lock:
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if self._overflow < self._max_overflow:
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self._overflow += 1
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return True
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else:
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return False
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def _dec_overflow(self):
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if self._max_overflow == -1:
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self._overflow -= 1
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return True
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with self._overflow_lock:
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self._overflow -= 1
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return True
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def recreate(self):
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self.logger.info("Pool recreating")
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return self.__class__(
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self._creator,
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pool_size=self._pool.maxsize,
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max_overflow=self._max_overflow,
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pre_ping=self._pre_ping,
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use_lifo=self._pool.use_lifo,
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timeout=self._timeout,
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recycle=self._recycle,
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echo=self.echo,
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logging_name=self._orig_logging_name,
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reset_on_return=self._reset_on_return,
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_dispatch=self.dispatch,
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dialect=self._dialect,
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)
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def dispose(self):
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while True:
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try:
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conn = self._pool.get(False)
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conn.close()
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except sqla_queue.Empty:
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break
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self._overflow = 0 - self.size()
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self.logger.info("Pool disposed. %s", self.status())
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def status(self):
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return (
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"Pool size: %d Connections in pool: %d "
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"Current Overflow: %d Current Checked out "
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"connections: %d"
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% (
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self.size(),
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self.checkedin(),
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self.overflow(),
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self.checkedout(),
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)
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)
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def size(self):
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return self._pool.maxsize
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def timeout(self):
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return self._timeout
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def checkedin(self):
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return self._pool.qsize()
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def overflow(self):
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return self._overflow
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def checkedout(self):
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return self._pool.maxsize - self._pool.qsize() + self._overflow
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class AsyncAdaptedQueuePool(QueuePool):
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_is_asyncio = True
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_queue_class = sqla_queue.AsyncAdaptedQueue
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_dialect = _AsyncConnDialect()
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class FallbackAsyncAdaptedQueuePool(AsyncAdaptedQueuePool):
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_queue_class = sqla_queue.FallbackAsyncAdaptedQueue
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class NullPool(Pool):
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"""A Pool which does not pool connections.
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Instead it literally opens and closes the underlying DB-API connection
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per each connection open/close.
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Reconnect-related functions such as ``recycle`` and connection
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invalidation are not supported by this Pool implementation, since
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no connections are held persistently.
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"""
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def status(self):
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return "NullPool"
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def _do_return_conn(self, conn):
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conn.close()
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def _do_get(self):
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return self._create_connection()
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def recreate(self):
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self.logger.info("Pool recreating")
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return self.__class__(
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self._creator,
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recycle=self._recycle,
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echo=self.echo,
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logging_name=self._orig_logging_name,
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reset_on_return=self._reset_on_return,
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pre_ping=self._pre_ping,
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_dispatch=self.dispatch,
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dialect=self._dialect,
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)
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def dispose(self):
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pass
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class SingletonThreadPool(Pool):
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"""A Pool that maintains one connection per thread.
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Maintains one connection per each thread, never moving a connection to a
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thread other than the one which it was created in.
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.. warning:: the :class:`.SingletonThreadPool` will call ``.close()``
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on arbitrary connections that exist beyond the size setting of
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``pool_size``, e.g. if more unique **thread identities**
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than what ``pool_size`` states are used. This cleanup is
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non-deterministic and not sensitive to whether or not the connections
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linked to those thread identities are currently in use.
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:class:`.SingletonThreadPool` may be improved in a future release,
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however in its current status it is generally used only for test
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scenarios using a SQLite ``:memory:`` database and is not recommended
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for production use.
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Options are the same as those of :class:`_pool.Pool`, as well as:
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:param pool_size: The number of threads in which to maintain connections
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at once. Defaults to five.
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:class:`.SingletonThreadPool` is used by the SQLite dialect
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automatically when a memory-based database is used.
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See :ref:`sqlite_toplevel`.
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"""
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_is_asyncio = False
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def __init__(self, creator, pool_size=5, **kw):
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Pool.__init__(self, creator, **kw)
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self._conn = threading.local()
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self._fairy = threading.local()
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self._all_conns = set()
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self.size = pool_size
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def recreate(self):
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self.logger.info("Pool recreating")
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return self.__class__(
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self._creator,
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pool_size=self.size,
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recycle=self._recycle,
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echo=self.echo,
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pre_ping=self._pre_ping,
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logging_name=self._orig_logging_name,
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reset_on_return=self._reset_on_return,
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_dispatch=self.dispatch,
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dialect=self._dialect,
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)
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def dispose(self):
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"""Dispose of this pool."""
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for conn in self._all_conns:
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try:
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conn.close()
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except Exception:
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# pysqlite won't even let you close a conn from a thread
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# that didn't create it
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pass
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self._all_conns.clear()
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def _cleanup(self):
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while len(self._all_conns) >= self.size:
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c = self._all_conns.pop()
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c.close()
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def status(self):
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return "SingletonThreadPool id:%d size: %d" % (
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id(self),
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len(self._all_conns),
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)
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def _do_return_conn(self, conn):
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pass
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def _do_get(self):
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try:
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c = self._conn.current()
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if c:
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return c
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except AttributeError:
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pass
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c = self._create_connection()
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self._conn.current = weakref.ref(c)
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if len(self._all_conns) >= self.size:
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self._cleanup()
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self._all_conns.add(c)
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return c
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def connect(self):
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# vendored from Pool to include the now removed use_threadlocal
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# behavior
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try:
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rec = self._fairy.current()
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except AttributeError:
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pass
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else:
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if rec is not None:
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return rec._checkout_existing()
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return _ConnectionFairy._checkout(self, self._fairy)
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def _return_conn(self, record):
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try:
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del self._fairy.current
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except AttributeError:
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pass
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self._do_return_conn(record)
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class StaticPool(Pool):
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"""A Pool of exactly one connection, used for all requests.
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Reconnect-related functions such as ``recycle`` and connection
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invalidation (which is also used to support auto-reconnect) are only
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partially supported right now and may not yield good results.
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"""
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@util.memoized_property
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def connection(self):
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return _ConnectionRecord(self)
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def status(self):
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return "StaticPool"
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def dispose(self):
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if (
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"connection" in self.__dict__
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and self.connection.dbapi_connection is not None
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):
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self.connection.close()
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del self.__dict__["connection"]
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def recreate(self):
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self.logger.info("Pool recreating")
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return self.__class__(
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creator=self._creator,
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recycle=self._recycle,
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reset_on_return=self._reset_on_return,
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pre_ping=self._pre_ping,
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echo=self.echo,
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logging_name=self._orig_logging_name,
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_dispatch=self.dispatch,
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dialect=self._dialect,
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)
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def _transfer_from(self, other_static_pool):
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# used by the test suite to make a new engine / pool without
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# losing the state of an existing SQLite :memory: connection
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self._invoke_creator = (
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lambda crec: other_static_pool.connection.dbapi_connection
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)
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def _create_connection(self):
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raise NotImplementedError()
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def _do_return_conn(self, conn):
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pass
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def _do_get(self):
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rec = self.connection
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if rec._is_hard_or_soft_invalidated():
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del self.__dict__["connection"]
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rec = self.connection
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return rec
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class AssertionPool(Pool):
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"""A :class:`_pool.Pool` that allows at most one checked out connection at
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any given time.
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This will raise an exception if more than one connection is checked out
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at a time. Useful for debugging code that is using more connections
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than desired.
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"""
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def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
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self._conn = None
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self._checked_out = False
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self._store_traceback = kw.pop("store_traceback", True)
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self._checkout_traceback = None
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Pool.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
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def status(self):
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return "AssertionPool"
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def _do_return_conn(self, conn):
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if not self._checked_out:
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raise AssertionError("connection is not checked out")
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self._checked_out = False
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assert conn is self._conn
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def dispose(self):
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self._checked_out = False
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if self._conn:
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self._conn.close()
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def recreate(self):
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self.logger.info("Pool recreating")
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return self.__class__(
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self._creator,
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echo=self.echo,
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pre_ping=self._pre_ping,
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recycle=self._recycle,
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reset_on_return=self._reset_on_return,
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logging_name=self._orig_logging_name,
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_dispatch=self.dispatch,
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dialect=self._dialect,
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)
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def _do_get(self):
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if self._checked_out:
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if self._checkout_traceback:
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suffix = " at:\n%s" % "".join(
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chop_traceback(self._checkout_traceback)
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)
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else:
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suffix = ""
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raise AssertionError("connection is already checked out" + suffix)
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if not self._conn:
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self._conn = self._create_connection()
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self._checked_out = True
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if self._store_traceback:
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self._checkout_traceback = traceback.format_stack()
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return self._conn
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